Amendment XI

(1798) 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or
equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another
state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state. 

Amendment XII

(1804) 

The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and
Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with
themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct
ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons
voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of
votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the
government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;--The President of
the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the
certificates and the votes shall then be counted;--the person having the greatest number of
votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number
of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the
highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of
Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the
President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one
vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the
states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of
Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon
them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as
President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The
person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if
such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have
a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the
Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of
Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person
constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of
the United States. 

Amendment XIII

(1865) 

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime
whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any
place subject to their jurisdiction. 

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 

Amendment XIV

(1868) 

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction
thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall
make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the
United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due
process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their
respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians
not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President
and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and
judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the
male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United
States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis
of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male
citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.

Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President
and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any
state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the
United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of
any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection
or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress
may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. 

Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including
debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection
or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall assume
or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United
States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations
and claims shall be held illegal and void. 

Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the
provisions of this article. 

Amendment XV

(1870) 

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by
the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of
servitude. 

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 

Amendment XVI

(1913) 

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source
derived, without apportionment among the several states, and without regard to any census of
enumeration. 

Amendment XVII

(1913) 

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, elected
by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in
each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of
the state legislatures. 

When vacancies happen in the representation of any state in the Senate, the executive
authority of such state shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, that the
legislature of any state may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments
until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. 

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator
chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution. 

Amendment XVIII

(1919) 

Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or
transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation
thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage
purposes is hereby prohibited. 

Section 2. The Congress and the several states shall have concurrent power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation. 

Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment
to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several states, as provided in the Constitution,
within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the states by the Congress. 

Amendment XIX

(1920) 

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United
States or by any state on account of sex. 

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 

Amendment XX

(1933) 

Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of
January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of
the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the
terms of their successors shall then begin. 

Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall
begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. 

Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President
elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not
have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect
shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a
President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein
neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall
then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such
person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified. 

Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons
from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of
choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons
from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have
devolved upon them. 

Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the
ratification of this article. 

Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment
to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states within seven years
from the date of its submission.